SUBMISSION AND STYLE INFORMATION

Submission

Manuscripts may be submitted to the International Journal of Evidence & Proof ONLY through Editorial Manager (www.editorialmanager.com/ijep): submissions by email outside Editorial Manager are discouraged and hard-copy (paper) submissions will not be accepted.

You may, after submission, use the Editorial Manager site to check the progress of your submission, simply log in and follow the links.

On receipt, each article is assigned an identifying number which will be used throughout the review/revision/publication process.

You will receive a notification of that number shortly after submission. In the unlikely event that you do not receive an email containing that number within 7 days of submission, please contact ijep@vathek.com as a matter of urgency.

Authors should prepare, as separate items, the following files: A cover sheet containing each/all authors' full contact details. This should include a sequentially marked footnote, using *, †, etc. and should give each author's position, institutional address and any brief acknowledgements, if required; an abstract (max 100 words) prepared for cutting and pasting during the submission process; the main manuscript which should include the abstract at the head; all tables (optional); all figures (optional); Each of the foregoing will require separate upload during the submission process. Keywords will be required during submission.

Submitted articles must be accompanied by full contact details and will be returned to authors for amendment if these details are not included in the submission process

Anonymity

Identifying data must not be included in the body of the main manuscript file. Please ensure that a cover sheet, containing each author’s full contact details is submitted as a separate item during the submission process.

You will be asked to confirm that such identifying data are not included in the manuscript file.

Articles

The manuscript for an article should ideally be 8,000 words long, including references, although shorter or longer pieces of appropriate quality and subject-matter will be considered. A 100-word abstract providing a concise statement of the purpose of the article and a broad indication of its findings or conclusions, must be submitted. Where documents (books, journal articles, legislation, web-based documents and any other such items) are cited in the text, full details in accordance with the Harvard system of referencing must be included.

Articles should also include up to five ‘keywords’. Each keyword or short phrase should indicate the contents of the contribution, without merely replicating its title or textual sub-headings.

Tables, figures or diagrams must be presented on separate sheets with an indication of their location given in the text. Each should have a self-explanatory title and be comprehensible without reference to the text. Except by previous arrangement with the editor, and as a general rule, authors should avoid having―in total―more than 7 tables/ figures embedded in any article.

Referencing

All references should be placed in footnotes. End notes will not be accommodated..

Style/Layout

NB: In the body of the text, with the exception of direct quotations, spelling should be British English.

Text should be double spaced and set to the left, not justified left and right.

Headings in the following form may be used:

Article title heading is Sentence case in large font, i.e. initial cap on first word only

the first level of subheading is Sentence case bold,

the second level is Sentence case bold italic

the third level is Sentence case non-bold italic.

Titles of organisations etc. (e.g. acronyms) should be spelt out and followed by the acronym at first instance, then just the acronym thereafter. No full stops (periods) should be used in the abbreviation e.g. USA, ACPO, UK, FBI, ACJS, etc.

Measurements, including data in tables and figures, should be in units of the international system and confined to two decimal places.

Case notes

Case notes should ideally be between 1,500 and 2,000 words and should be submitted to the Case Note Editor. The analysis of the case should cover the facts, statement of the relevant law, the decision and commentary. Textual subheadings may be provided, as appropriate. No abstract is required for case notes.

Case notes should include up to five ‘keywords’. Each keyword or short phrase should indicate the contents of the contribution, without merely replicating its title or textual sub-headings.

Noticeboard

The Noticeboard Editor writes the Noticeboard, which includes items of topical interest and case commentaries. All readers of the journal are encouraged to alert the Noticeboard Editor to any judgments, legislation, policy proposals, research findings, conference announcements, etc., potentially worth publicising in this section.

Book reviews

Book reviews of up to 1,200 words, and recently published books for review, are invited and should be directed to the Reviews Editor.

Copyright

It is a condition of publication in the International Journal of Evidence & Proof that following acceptance of the article for publication authors sign and return to the editor (by regular mail, or by a pdf or scanned-in document) a publishing licence granting an exclusive licence to Vathek Publishing permitting them to reproduce and/or disseminate the author's contribution or elements of it (e.g. abstract, metadata). In signing the licence authors retain the right to use his, her or their own material and Vathek Publishing asks that the International Journal of Evidence & Proof is acknowledged as the original place of publication. Normally this document will be sent by email to authors for completion and return. If necessary, the licensing agreement may be downloaded here.

Authors bear the responsibility for checking whether material submitted to the International Journal of Evidence & Proof is subject to copyright or other ownership rights (e.g. photographs, illustrations, trade literature and data).

Where use is restricted the publisher must be informed at the time of submission of the material to the Journal and evidence provided that permission has been obtained to use the material.

Copies of the Journal

Authors will receive a final published courtesy pdf of their article (which may be duplicated) and one printed copy of the Journal in which their contribution appears. Further copies may also be ordered on acceptance of a paper for publication in the Journal.

Proofs

Authors are sent a pdf proof of their article. Minor amendments may be possible and must be sent by email using the corrections template provided.

Presentation and style information

NB: A style sheet may be downloaded by clicking here

Previous issues of the International Journal of Evidence & Proof should be consulted. Brief guidance is given below.

Footnotes

Footnotes should be collated at the end of the article or case note, but will be published at the foot of each relevant page. Footnotes to the title and author(s)' names should be designated as *, † etc. Footnotes to the text should be designated as 1, 2, 3 etc. and follow any closing punctuation, e.g. … limitations are possible.¹

References

All references should be placed in footnotes.

After first citation of a reference, following citations in footnotes should by cross-reference, e.g. Ashworth, above n. 34 at 857. If author's name is cited within the text after it has been cited for the first time, footnote cross-reference should be: Above n. 34 at 857. Where there is more than one publication by the same author in the footnote where the reference is first cited, cite reference in full on following citation. If the reference is to the immediately preceding note, use ibid.: Ibid. at 857.

Successive citations: Use above and below instead of supra, infra, ante, post. Avoid loc cit and op cit, if possible.

Cases

Note: No full points in abbreviation of a law report.

Darby v DPP The Times (17 October 2001)
R v Murray [1993] 1 WLR 1, HL, at 11, per Stevens LJ
R v Loosely; Attorney-General's Reference (No. 3 of 2000) [2001] UKHL 53, [2002] 1 Cr App R 23; [2001] EWCA Crim 445 at [58]; at [58]-[68]
R v Kesler and Others [2001] EWCA Crim 825, [2001] 2 Cr App R (S) 126
Woolmington v DPP [1935] AC 462, [1935] 3 WLR 256 (comma separating two reports)
R v Cowan [1995] 4 All ER 939 at 944
Khan v United Kingdom (2001) 31 EHRR 25 at paras. 33-40
Rowe and Davis v United Kingdom, Application No. 28901/95, judgment of 16 February 2000 at para. 65
R v Leeds CC, ex p. Barlow (1989) 153 JP 113
R (on the application of Bulger) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] EWHC Admin 119, The Times (13 July 2001)
R v B (Lee James) [2000] Crim LR 870
Brown v Procurator Fiscal, Dunfermline 2000 STC 379
Roberts v Ohio, 476 US 530 at 531 (1980)

Statutory etc references

Note: Do not abbreviate section, regulation, rule etc. at the start of a sentence.

s. 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984; s. 76 of the 1984 Act
the Human Rights Act 1998, s. 4(1)(a)
ss. 34-35 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, s. 45 and Sched. 1, para. 4
see paras. 12-14 of Sched. 1 to the 1996 Act
subss. (1)-(3); Part III of the Road Traffic Act 1988

Magistrates' Courts (Children and Young Persons) Rules 1992 (SI 1992 No. 2071) rr. 2-4; r. 3 of the 1992 Rules; CPR Part 31, r. 31.1
National Police Records (Recordable Offences) Regulations 2000 (SI 2000 No. 1139) reg. 2; regs. 5-6; the Regulations provide
Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order (SI 1989 No. 1341) art. 4; arts. 6-10; art. 10 of the 1989 Order; the Order states

Article 4 of Directive 88/449/EEC; Directive 2000/43/EC; the Directive states; Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) 3820/85, the Regulation (use Art. in footnotes)

Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights (use Art. in footnotes)

Article 85 of the EC Treaty (pre-Maastricht numbering); Article 81 EC (post-Maastricht) (use Art. in footnotes)

References

Books, reports etc

Note: General style is author's initial, author's surname, title of publication in italics, volume number/edition, publisher's name, place of publication, year, page reference.

W. Holdsworth, A History of English Law, 7th edn (Methuen: London, 1956) 59-60
Law Commission, Evidence of Bad Character in Criminal Proceedings, Law Com. No. 273, Cm 5257 (2001)
Law Commission, Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Previous Misconduct of a Defendant, Law Com. Consultation Paper No. 141 (1996) at paras. 6.10-6.38.
R. Toulson and C. Phipps, Confidentiality (Sweet & Maxwell: London, 1996) 226
F. Gurry, Breach of Confidence (Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1984) 347-8
S. McNicol, Law of Privilege (Law Book Company: Sydney, 1992) 420
J. Andrews, 'Public Interest and Criminal Proceedings' (1988) 104 LQR 410 at 414
A. Zuckerman, 'Privilege and Public Interest' in C. Tapper (ed.), Crime, Proof and Punishment: Essays in Memory of Sir Rupert Cross, vol. 2 (Butterworths: London, 1981) 248 at 251-2
P. Bean and R. Billingsley, 'Drugs, Crime and Informers' in R. Billingsley, T. Nemitz, and P. Bean (eds), Informers: Policing, Policy, Practice (Willan Publishing: Cullompton, Devon, 2001) ch. 3
J. Baker, 'Criminal Courts and Procedure at Common Law' in J. Cockburn (ed.), Crime in England 1550-1800 (Methuen: London, 1977) 15 at 20-1
T. Smith, 'New Drink/driving Proposals', Guardian, 30 October 2001

Periodicals

Note: Abbreviations should be used for familiar legal journals (e.g. Crim LR, MLR, CLJ, LQR, JCL, Harv LR) otherwise set out in full. Journal titles in full should be in italics, abbreviations should be roman, no full points.

A. Ashworth, 'Criminal Proceedings after the Human Rights Act 1998: The First Year' [2001] Crim LR 855
J. Jeffries and P. Stephan, 'Defenses, Presumptions, and Burden of Proof in the Criminal Law' (1979) 88 Yale LJ 1325 at 1327
E. Cape, 'Sidelining Defence Lawyers: Police Station Advice after Condron' (1997) 1 E & P 386
J. Holroyd, 'Incitement-A Tale of Three Agents' (2001) 65 JCL 515 at 517
T. Bellingham, 'Police Culture and the Need for Change' 73(1) Police Journal 31
M. Brewers, 'Defendant's Right to Informer's Identity' (1979) 40 Louisiana Law Review 148, n. 4

References in footnotes

After first citation of reference, following citations in footnotes should by cross-reference, e.g. Ashworth, above n. 34 at 857. If author's name is cited within the text after it has been cited for the first time, footnote cross-reference should be: Above n. 34 at 857. Where there is more than one publication by the same author in the footnote where the reference is first cited, cite reference in full on following citation. If the reference is to the immediately preceding note, use ibid.: Ibid. at 857.

Successive citations: Use above and below instead of supra, infra, ante, post. Avoid loc cit and op cit, if possible.

Miscellaneous words and phrases

a priori; acknowledgement; ad hoc; adviser; amicus; anti-competitive; Attorney-General; authorise;

back-date; Bayes Theorem; the bench; binding over; bona fide; breath-alcohol reading; breath test; by-law; bypass; byproduct;

case law; case by case basis; caveat; certiorari; the Chief Constable; Class A drug; closed-circuit television; Cmnd, Cm; cooperate; coordination; counterargument; counterclaim; courtroom; cf.; chapter, but ch., chs. in footnotes; Co. the Codes of Practice; the Code; Code C; Code C6.12; the common law; common law text; commonplace; common sense; common-sense procedure; community sentence; community punishment order; community rehabilitation order; community punishment and rehabilitation order; connection; county court; the court (unless it is the European Court of Human Rights/Justice, then the Court); the Court of Appeal; courtroom; cp.; CPS; Criminal Defence Service; cross-examine; cross-claim; cross-references: see p. 35 above; see pp. 25-11 below; Crown Court; customs officer; cut-throat defence

Dates: 30 January 2002; 1998-99; 2001-02; in the 1990s; 18th century; decision-maker; decision-making process; dictum; dicta; Director General; Directors General; Directive 88/449/EEC; the Directive states; Article 6 of the Directive; district judge (magistrates' courts); the Divisional Court; DPP; Dr; DVLA; dwelling house

EC, EU - no need to spell out in full first; e.g. (in footnotes only, spell out in full in text); either-way offence; to elicit; e-mail; email addresses: kathryn.swift@btinternet.com (no underline); emphasise; endorse; etc.; evidence-in-chief; ex parte application (but , ex p. in case references) examination-in-chief; the Executive; eyewitness;

fact-finder; far-reaching; focused; for example; fulfil; full-time; fingerprint; the First World War; forgo

the government; government department; the United Kingdom government;

habeas corpus; he or she, not s/he; the House of Lords; the House of Lords decision

ibid.; i.e.; ill-conceived; ill health; illicit; immoveable; inasmuch as; Inc.; initials: Leave spaces between the initials of names of people, e.g. W. R. Brown, but not of organisations, e.g. DHL Distribution, WHO, ABTA; inquiry; inquiries; insofar as; the Internet; inter-agency; inter-force; interrelated; interstate; italics: Latinisms, foreign words and phrases generally italic: actus reus; autrefois convict; certiorari; ex gratia; ex officio; ibidem; inter alia; inter se; inter vivos; mens rea; nisi; obiter dictum; per capita; per incuriam; per se; prima facie; semble; ultra vires. But note ad hoc; amicus curiae; bona fide; certiorari; contra; dictum; dicta; habeas corpus; locus; mandamus; status quo; vis-à-vis

Judges' names: Hunt J; Auld LJ; the Lord Chancellor; Lord Nicholls; Lord Bingham of Cornhill; Lord Nicholls V-C; Lord Denning MR; Scott and Hoffmann LJJ; Lord Taylor CJ; McHugh JA; Ben Emmerson QC; judgment (not judgement); Judicial Studies Board direction; jury room; the justices stated (JJ in case references); justices' clerk

lawmaker; law-making process; legal advice, assistance and representation; licence (noun); to license; lodgment; in the long term; long-term employment; long-standing; their Lordships; Ltd

magistrates' adviser; magistrates' court; Member State; midnight; minimise; the Minister; ministers of the government; ministerial; mis-statement; Mr, Mrs; model direction; moveable; multiparty; multibillion; money: £1,000; £250,000; £25.05; US $3 million; £1 2s 3d;moneys

non-; non-disclosure; non-disclosure order; none the less; no one; noon; numbers: If a sentence starts with a number, spell out-otherwise spell out numbers one to nine and fractions (one-half, two-thirds, three-quarters), numbers from 10 to be in figures. Use figures only in tabular matter, lists and calculations. Elide ranges of numbers, e.g. 20-2, 34-7; 264-75; 1,000; 35,000; 450,000; 6.5 million; five-day week; six-year period; 12 years' imprisonment; 700 metres; 45 mph; 18-year-old; six-year-old child, but 3½ years old; between 6 and 12 months; twofold; threefold; 7 am, 3 pm; 17th century; 5 per cent (except tabular matter (ie 5%, 25%) and except where percentages extrapolated from tabular matter), 50 per cent (use figures for all percentages); first, secondly, thirdly; nevertheless

ongoing; online; organise; out of court; out-of-court procedure; over-estimate; overstate;

Parliament; parliamentary; part-time judge; postcode; post-date; post-war; precondition; predate; predetermine; pre-ordained; pre-paid; prerequisite; pre-trial; print-out;

Quote marks: single quote marks, double within single

reactivate; re-analyse; reconsider; recognise; recognisance; the recorder; re-employment; re-examine; rehearing; re-offend; reopen; retrial; reuse; rules and dashes: use en rules for spans and dates, e.g. 15-19, 25-34; unspaced em rules for dashes

Spelling: in quoted matter follow the original. Use 'ise' endings rather than 'ize'. Sub as a prefix takes a hyphen, except for subcategory; subclass; subclause; subcommittee; subconscious; subcontinent; sublease; sublet; subnormal; subparagraph; subsection.

St; scrutinise; sea change; the Second World War; second-hand; self-control; self-defence; self-employed; self-evident; semicircle; semi-detached; set-up (noun); to set up; in the short term; short-term situation; similar fact evidence; smart card; solicitor-advocate; starting point; the state; state parties; states; sub-contract; sub-contractor; sub-standard; subject-matter; summarise; summary offence; to sum up; summing-up (noun); when summing up; supernatural; supersede; supervise

tachograph; tape recording; tape recorded; takeover; time limits; timescale; triable either way

underestimate; the United Kingdom; the United States

vehicle-taking; video link; video recording; videotape; voir dire; vol. 1, vols. 2 and 3 (footnotes)

the Web; website; website addresses: http://www.lawcom.gov.working; it is well known; well-known principle; were well founded; witness; witnesses; witness box; wrongdoer; wrongdoing

young offender institution; young person; youth court

Websites

The URL address should be cited in full and enclosed in brackets with no punctuation, for example:

<http://www.vathek.com/pj/home.php>

Cross references

References should be cited in full on the first occasion they are mentioned. Subsequent cross-references should take the following form: See Walter, above n. 4 at 23.

If Walter is referred to in the text after it has been cited for a first time, the cross-reference will be: Above n. 4 at 23.

If the cross-reference is to the immediately preceding note, the reference will be: Ibid. at 23.

Quotations

Quotations within the text should use single quotation marks and quotations within quotations use double quotation marks. If quotations are three lines or more, they should be separated out from the rest of the text and should not be enclosed by quotation marks.

Disclaimer Publication in the International Journal of Evidence & Proof does not necessarily imply that opinions offered are those of the Editor, Associate Editors or of the Publisher. The Journal does not accept any liability for the accuracy of any comment, report or other technical or factual information. Efforts will, however, be made to ensure that all opinions, technical comment, factual report, data, figures, illustrations and photographs are accurate insofar as it is within its abilities so to do. The Publisher reserves the right to edit, abridge or omit material submitted for publication.